Victorian Age Literature in the Light of Industrialization Essay Example for Free

Victorian Age Literature in the Light of Industrialization Essay Writers during the Victorian age wrote about the detrimental effects of the Industrial Revolution, traditional gender roles, and a failing adherence to morality. In their works, Victorian writers convey social unrest, which was aggravated by unyielding industry. Female authors were often more popular than their male counterparts, and often had to hide their authorship. For instance, poet Elizabeth Barrett Browning gave a harsh critique of the Industrial Revolution, gender roles, and the decaying sense of morality during the Victorian period in her poem â€Å"The Cry of the Children. † The subject of her poem is the plight of young children, who were forced to labor in appalling conditions of industrialization. â€Å"They are weeping in the playtime of the others / In the country of the free† (11-12). This poetry by Browning typifies the way in which cognitive dissonance for child labor, as well as other social ills, was utilized by Victorian writers to admonish the wrong doings of society. Browning draws a close comparison between the control of men over the machine of industrialization in society and God’s plenary powers over humanity: â€Å"He is speechless as a stone / And they tell us, of His image the master / Who commands us to work on† (126-129). Furthermore, the poem focused on this paradox by contrasting the fact that, while Britain purports to be moral and free, the actual lives of those who should be the most protected and liberated, the children, are absolutely deplorable. Browning’s poetry also strongly exemplifies the way in which many Victorian authors incorporated, along with the criticism of industrialization, the subject of society’s faulty preconceptions of gender roles. Works Cited Browning, Elizabeth Barrett. â€Å"The Cry of the Children. † The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th ed. Vol. 2. Ed. M. H Abrams. New York: W. W. Norton Company, 2000. 1174-1178. Riley, Brendan. † Characteristics of Victorianism and the Departing Thereof. † University Journal, Association of Young Journalists and Writers, http://ayjw. org/articles. php? id=725681, 2006.

Closer to a Cure for Cystic Fibrosis Essays -- Proteasomes Cystic Fibr

Overcoming Proteasomes: One Step Closer to a Cure for Cystic Fibrosis Take a deep breath and consider how easy it was to do so. Now picture struggling and gasping for air everyday; normal, easy tasks to the average person prove to be quite challenging to a patient of cystic fibrosis. Scientists have always been daunted by this fatal genetic disease that affects the body by excreting a â€Å"thick mucus† in the lungs, making breathing difficult and blocking the â€Å"ducts† leading from the pancreas, causing â€Å"poor digestion of food† (1). Until recently, there was nothing that scientists could do to provide a long-term cure, but even though scientists cannot cure patients one hundred percent, they can increase their life expectancy. Despite having discovered the cystic fibrosis gene’s location in 1989, numerous underlying obstacles prevent complete success (2). The primary obstacle that prevents scientists from making gene therapy an effective cure is the placement of the healthy genes into long-term cells, the cells that remain long enough to be replicated. The replacement of the healthy gene into long-term cells is necessary because these cells make the new cells, thereby distributing the healthy DNA throughout the body. The properly functioning gene is attached to a vector or â€Å"carrying molecule† that will transport â€Å"the therapeutic gene to the patient’s target cells† (2). Currently, the most common vector is a virus because it can easily capture the gene and deliver it into the cell; the virus infiltrates the corrupt cells and places the healthy gene into the nucleus which then transforms the corrupt cell into one which operates properly (2). The only difficulty is that the body’s natural immune system provides many b... ...t-education/tips/ccysfibr.html>. 2. Institute NHGR. Gene Therapy [Internet]. 2007 [2007 September 18]; Available from . 3. Stefano Ferrari DMG, Eric WFW Alton. Barriers to and new approaches for gene therapy and gene delivery in cystic fibrosis. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 2002;64: 1373-1393. 4. J Kim C-PC, KG Rice. The proteasome metabolizes peptide-mediated nonviral gene delivery systems. Gene Therapy 2006; 12: 1681-1690. 5. Neil Campbell, and Lawrence Mitchell (1999). Biology. New York, Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. 6. Institute NHGR. Learning About Cystic Fibrosis [Internet]. 2007 [2007 September 18]; Available from: . 7. U Griesenbach DG, and EWFW alton. Gene therapy progress and prospects: cystic fibrosis. Gene Therapy 2007; 13: 1071-1077.

Thermal Imaging

The case involved a Mr. Smith whos house was suspicious of growing marijuana. The police used thermal technology to scan Mr. smiths house where they found high amounts of heat. The police then got a search warrant and found marijuana growing in his house. Smith was then arrested and entered a conditional guilty plea. Now the high court had to make a decision that would challenge even the greatest lawyer and justice to ever step into the Supreme Court. The case started off with the lawyer for Smith making his case for Smith. The lawyer stated that that the thermal imaging on Smith's house was indeed a search and that this search was unecessary. His house and privacy were protected by the 4th amendment of the United States. The technology was not used properly and unconstitutionally viewed contents on the inside of Smith's home without a warrant. The thermal imaging devices should have not been able to view just his complex and if he was singled out then everyone should be subject to the same thermal imaging of their homes. In his final statements Smith's lawyer said that thermal imaging is infact a search and that the thermal imaging had no probably cause and he should go free for this violation of his 4th amendment. The next speaker was the lawyer representing the United States. The lawyer for the United States said that the thermal imaging device brought about a probable cause in the triplex and that he was previously suspected for having marijuana so they had to do it for public safety. He also pointed out that a warrant was issued for the search of his house. The United States lawyer ended his statement stating that Smith is a criminal and thermal imaging was used in the case of probable cause. The next speaker was the Solicitor General of the United States. The general was in favor of Smith. He stated that thermal imaging is a search. The thermal imager had no probable cause and that using this high tech device that no normal person can afford should be used without a warrant. The General finished with saying that Smith should go free for this because he was illegally searched. The fourth amendment of the constitution guards against unreasonable search and seizures when the search party has â€Å"reasonable expectation of privacy†. The amendment specifically requires search warrants be judicially sanctioned and supported by probable cause. It was adopted as a response to the abuse of search warrants in the American Revolution. The debate of the definition of search has been challenged in many cases in the history of the United States and is brought up again in this case. The Supreme Court ruled that a search occurs only when a person expects privacy in the thing search and society beliefves that expectation is reasonable. This was decided in Katz v. United States in 1967. In Katz the Court ruled that a search had occurred when the government wiretapped a telephone booth. Now seizure is the other part of the 4th amendment. A Seizure of propert occurs when there is meaningful interference by the government with an individual's possessory interests. The exclusionary rule also falls under seizure. The exclusionary rule states that voluntary answers to questions given to officers are offered into evidence in a ciminal prosecution. The government may not detain and individual even momentarily without reasonable, objective grounds, with few exceptions. The refusal to listen or answers does not answer these grounds. The invasion on people's privacy is only minimal and is usually only in speical cases. Some of these exceptions are at borders and ports of entry into the United States as well as Roadblocks. Another big part of this case was the question is a warrant needed. A warrant is issued by a judge and only then may a officer legally search someones property. Without this warrant it was unconstitutionally searched and therefore is void. Warrants are required for any search of property. Some exceptions to a warrant are Consent, Plain View, Open Fields, Curtilage, Motor Vehicles and Searches incident to a lawful arrest. Consent is if a part allows a search to happen. Plain view is if something is viewable by the officer he can confiscate it. Open Fields such as farm fields, opne water, and woods may be searched without a warrant. Curtilage is the outdoor area immediately surrounding the home, which is protected by the 4th amendment. Courts have determined that this area is an extension of the house and is subject to privacy. People in automobiles have reduced privacy because vehicles are not used as homes. Vehicles cannot be randomly stopped and searched , there must be probable cause or ciminal activity. With probable cause officers may search any area inside a car. However, they cannot search passenger without probable cause to search them. The Searches incident to a lawful arrest are used to prevent the arrested individual from destorying evidence or using a weapon against the officer. It is reasonalbe for the officer to search the area within the arrestee's immediate control. A search of lets say the room they were arrested in is acceptable. Now comes the issue of Probable Cause which was brought up many times in this case. The police must have legally sufficient reasons to believe that a search is necessary. And during this search they must uncover criminal activity or contraband. The Supreme Court had many cases involving Probable Cause. In Carrol V. United States the Supreme Court stated that probably cause to search is a â€Å"flexible, common-sense standard. † So the issue of probable cause can be a toss up and can't really be determined directly (Adapted from History Book and Wikipedia. com). If I were a justice on the Supreme Court I would rule in favor of Smith. The use of thermal imaging reveals the contents of the inside of his home. This violates his right of security and thus violates the 4th amendment. The officers did have probable cause to search his house because of his alleged marijuana growth. But that doesn't mean they could search his house without a warrant. They needed to get judicial consent before using the thermal imaging to search his house. Plus thermal imaging is not available to everyone so they could not use it without consent. Our class found Smith innocent. The police unlawfully searched his house with the use of thermal imaging. Even though we came to this verdict it could have easily gone the other way. It all is based on your view of the Constitution. Unless you are one of the people who wrote the Bill of Rights I guess we can never truly understand the constitution fully and it is proven with the countless cases brought to the Supreme Court over the years. I think instead of us trying to understand the constitution in our own ways, we should study the founding fathers into depth and learn the true meanings of their words and the reasons for why they created this great rules. Even with the addition of new technologies and advanced software we need to continue to look back at our roots which created this great nation. If we do not do this our nation will likely fall due to our own negligence and feeling of superiority over everyone in the world. We need to learn from our mistakes and build a more simpler life as they had back in the 1700s. Only then will we truly understand The Constitution and the reasons for why we have made it this far as a nation.

The Sons Veto Essay - 1194 Words

The Sons Veto Thomas Hardy was a novelist and a great poet. He was born into the working class until he married into the upper class, forgetting about his past because of the embarrassment it caused him. He was born in 1840 and died in 1928. Sophy is an upper class woman with a lower class background who is used to working class expectations and not up to the standard of the upper class. Sophy had worked as a maid in the house of the reverend as a young girl and after his first wife died had stayed to look after the reverend. After an accident which left her partially lame, the reverend asked her to marry him. Her life would have been happier if she had married Sam instead. She would not have been caught between†¦show more content†¦After Rev Twycotts death, Sophy spent two long lonely years until she met Sam Hobinson. When she joined Sam for a ride, she took drastic measures not to be seen wrapping herself up in cloak and veil, not a soul was visible. They met in secret as social expectations would not allow them to meet. Sophy asked her son Randolf if she could have a life with Sam, his reply was that he hoped his stepfather would be a gentleman. This ruled out any hope for Sophy as Sam clearly was from the wo rking class. Hardy depicts Sophy as a victim of society throughout the short story. The Victorian society is portrayed as rigid, judgemental and prejudiced against the working classes. However, Sophys character is shown as having certain weaknesses that can be said to have contributed to her tragic end. Sophy is shown as a weak character with low self esteem. She also lacks the confidence to reprimand her own son when he rudely corrects her grammar Sophy hastily adopted the correction. The word hastily shows how she readily pleased her son due to her low self esteem. He seems to belong so little to me à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I do not feel dignified enough to be his mother. This implies how little confidence in herself Sophy feels. Also I think that if Sophy had a higher self esteem she would have invited her family to the wedding and not allowed Rev Twycott to marry her in secret. Hardy also portrays Sophy as indecisive yet a person who can make rash decisions. This isShow MoreRelatedThe Sons Veto Analysis1528 Words   |  7 Pagesinterpreted from the evidence that Sam is a loyal, faithful and hard-working man who is determined to get Sophy’s hand in marriage, but ultimately failing. Theme Class division and inequality is a recurring theme in The Son’s Veto. Immediately from the start, it can be seen, when Sophy rejects Sam, who is of the same class as her, only to accept Reverend Twycott’s proposal, simply because he is of a higher class, and not because she loved him, which can be seen when HardyRead MoreThe Sons Veto by Thomas Hardy Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesin the news papers at that particular time. Hardy would set stories much earlier and use different names and places so he wouldn’t upset anyone. â€Å"The Son’s Veto† Was based on Hardy himself and stemmed back from his own experience with this mother. She works for a vicar at the time of class distinction and snobbery. In â€Å"The Son’s Veto† the marriage of sophy and twycott takes place this is convenient for sophy. â€Å"Well – do you want to marry? Not much. But it would be a home for me andRead MoreCharacterization Summary Themes of the Sons Veto1732 Words   |  7 Pagesshe realizes that she would have been happy with Sam but Randolph does allow her the freedom to make her decision and follow it. Too long Sophy has allowed others to control her life. Her immobility becomes a symbol for her dependence in life on her son’s will. Randolph Twycott: Randolph is a poor specimen of humanity. Even as a young boy he displayed a rather bad attitude towards his mother that bordered on impatience. As he grows up, he becomes acutely conscious of the difference in their statusRead MoreComparing the Suffering Between Rhoda in The Withered Arm and The Sons Veto651 Words   |  3 PagesComparing the Suffering Between Rhoda in The Withered Arm and The Sons Veto in the tale The Withered Arm in the story The Sons Veto are both very lonely women. Both of these women and have been mistreated by men, but none of them ever speak out for themselves to tell the men that their behaviour is unacceptable. Women who were treated by men were just expected by their fathers (if the husband is rich) to just keep quiet and be happy that they are financially supportedRead MoreEssay about Sophy Twycott In The Sons Veto as A Victim of Society1356 Words   |  6 PagesSophy Twycott In The Sons Veto as A Victim of Society The Sons Veto, tells the story of Sophy Twycott, a working class girl who marries an upper-class man, Mr Twycott, a vicar who she was a maid for and they have a child together and moved to London in order to escape gossip. Mr Twycott then dies, paying for the Sons education and preparing a villa for Sophy. Years later Sophy sees Sam Hobson again, the man who she was going to marry years ago but instead chose Read More Thomas Hardys The Sons Veto, Graham Greenes The Basement Room and alan Sillitoes Uncle Ernest1496 Words   |  6 PagesThomas Hardys The Sons Veto, Graham Greenes The Basement Room and alan Sillitoes Uncle Ernest In each of the three stories, The Sons Veto by Thomas Hardy, The Basement Room by Graham Green and Uncle Ernest by Alan Silitoe, the respective writer conveys a sense of isolation regarding the central character. There are numerous similarities between the characters based on their common plight, but each story differs in the portrayal of these characters. The writers effectively presentRead More Comparison Between The Sons Vito and Kiss Miss Carol Essay1256 Words   |  6 Pages Comparison Between The Sons Vito and Kiss Miss Carol The differences in both stories are style and language, settings and culture against the social class. The similarities in both stories are feeling that you dont belong to a certain place or area, feeling isolated and trapped, and being unable to do anything because of someone who has more power and are controlling you. Other similarities are the love for their birthplace, education, making important decisions,Read MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Sandpiper And Sophy On The Son s Veto 1170 Words   |  5 PagesHow could, both the narrator in ‘Sandpiper’ and Sophy in ‘The Son’s Veto’, evoke feelings of both sympathy and frustration? –DRAFT-4 Manzar â€Å"The chaired lady†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This is one of the first impressions of Sophy that Hardy presents to readers. The word ‘chaired’ suggests a sense of weakness, inability and insignificance. These ideas are crucially embedded through Sophy in â€Å"The son’s veto† and the narrator in â€Å"Sandpiper†. The authors do this to emphasise the tragic lives of the characters and how theyRead More Analyse the relationship between the mother and her son in The Sons1513 Words   |  7 PagesAnalyse the relationship between the mother and her son in The Sons Veto by Thomas Hardy showing how their behaviour and attitudes were affected by society. The Sons Veto is a short story that focuses on a woman, Sophy, who is torn between two conflicting social classes. Sophy is an uneducated parlour maid who marries a man above her class to secure her future. The son that is the outcome of the marriage is arrogant and self centred. He acts as thought he is superior to his mother becauseRead MoreWithered Arm Analysis Essay1188 Words   |  5 Pagesfamily members around him. Many of hardy’s stories are loosely based on his own life and experiences. ‘The withered arm’ is ‘full of memories of Hardy’s youth’ and includes some of his experiences. Thomas Hardy once told an ‘admirer’ that ‘The son’s veto’ was his ‘best short story’. This is most probable because it is a story which shows strong feeling against class distinction, prejudice and snobbery. This is why I’ll be choosing these two stories out of Hardy’s vast collection to analyze the way